Mean Platelet Volume

The mean platelet volume is an underrated tool in the diagnosis of maternal complications and blood work presentations. Assessing the mean platelet volume in conjunction with other lab indices may help give clues to underlying mechanisms of dysfunction. 

Mean Platelet Volume Testing

Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a measure of the average platelet size. It is found on the complete blood count (CBC), but not always. It is used to assess platelet function. 

Immature platelets are larger than more mature platelets. When the MPV is elevated, it can mean that there are more immature platelets in the blood stream. This measure can help in determining the cause of changes in total platelet counts.

Mean Platelet Volume in Pregnancy

The MPV value should not change much during pregnancy. There is only a slight increase in the first trimester that remains stable throughout the second trimester. In the third trimester, in preparation for labor, there is another slight increase in the MPV measure due to increased cell turnover before delivery. 

Large increases can be seen postpartum if there is a surgical delivery, but this should resolve quickly. There is limited data on normal postpartum changes in MPV values.

High Mean Platelet Volume in Pregnancy

Elevated MPV >10.1 fL in the first trimester is a predictive biomarker for preeclampsia and IUGR risk.
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MPV was significantly higher in the third trimester of patients with Cholestasis.

Most Common Causes of High MPV in Pregnancy

• Impairment of Uteroplacental Circulation
• Chronic Inflammation (IBD)
• Hyperthyroidism
• Over-Exercising
• Nutritional Deficiencies (Vitamin D)
• Myeloproliferative Diseases
• Toxin Exposure (Smoking/Vaping/Environmental)

Low Mean Platelet Volume in Pregnancy

​A low MPV with low platelet counts can indicate a disruption in platelet production, causing a reduction in young platelets.

There is limited data on the application of this indice in pregnancy.

Most Common Causes of Low MPV in Pregnancy

• Nutritional Deficiencies (Folate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin A)
• Hypothyroidism
• Genetics
• Bone Marrow Disorders

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Medical Disclaimer:
This content is for educational purposes only and is intended for licensed medical professionals. It is based on current research, subject to change, and not intended to diagnose, treat, or prevent any medical condition. This information does not replace consultation with a qualified healthcare provider. Seek professional medical evaluation and treatment from a licensed provider. Use of this information is at your own risk.​

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