Lymphocyte TestingThe absolute lymphocyte count tells you the total count of lymphocytes in the sample. The lymphocyte percentage tells you what percentage of white blood cell count is made up of lymphocytes. It is found in the complete blood count (CBC) with differential panel. The percentage is arguably more accurate that absolute, as it takes into account the total production of white blood cells and compares the amount of lymphocytes to this total. Lymph is Latin for “water.” Lymphocytes are a type of non-granulated white blood cell. They originate from lymphoblasts in the spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, thymus, intestines, bone marrow and appendix. The primary job of lymphocytes is to produce antibodies in response to bacteria, viruses, or any other potentially pathogenic antigen, including cancer. Lymphocytes include B cells, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. All crucial components of the immune system, each with unique formation processes and functions.
Lymphocytes in PregnancyIn pregnancy there is a decrease in lymphocyte production of 36%. Lymphocytes are usually between 12 - 20% of total white blood cell counts. This helps to protect the placenta and fetus from immune system attacks, as they are foreign cells. These levels are decreased through the second trimester and increase again during the third trimester in preparation for childbirth.[1] To prevent the rejection of the developing fetus, the maternal immune system becomes more tolerant. Tregs suppress immune responses against fetal antigens. Pregnancy induces a shift in the immune response, favoring a type 2 helper T cell (Th2) response. This shift is thought to support the maintenance of pregnancy. Th2 responses are associated with antibody production and tissue repair. High Lymphocytes in PregnancyElevated lymphocytes are associated with an increased risk of miscarriage and implantation failure. This may be seen in those with repeated failed IVF transfers. B cells have been implicated in preeclampsia due to the production of autoantibodies against adrenal receptors. These autoantibodies are seen in 70 - 95% of women with preeclampsia. A few Studies have reported that total white blood cell counts, neutrophil counts, and lymphocyte counts are significantly higher in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus when compared to healthy controls. Most Common Causes of High Lymphocytes in Pregnancy
Low Lymphocytes in PregnancyLymphocytopenia is a normal presentation in pregnancy. Levels that are excessively low, or below normal ranges can increase the risk of infections in pregnancy. Lymphocytes are inversely related to serum cortisol levels. In preeclampsia there is a reduced shift from TH-1 to TH-2 T helper cells. Some studies have found a connection between insulin resistance, gestational diabetes mellitus, and low lymphocyte production. Increased serum levels of very low density lipoproteins inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by disturbing DNA synthesis. This could explain the severe reduction in lymphocyte counts often seen in women with gestational diabetes with more severe blood sugar elevations. Most Common Causes of Low Lymphocytes in Pregnancy
Want to Know More...Check Out My Advanced Lab Analysis in Pregnancy Practitioner Course MEAC Continue Education Credits Available Copyright © 2024 Functional Maternity, all rights reserved. Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is intended for licensed medical professionals. It is based on current research, subject to change, and not intended to diagnose, treat, or prevent any medical condition. This information does not replace consultation with a qualified healthcare provider. Seek professional medical evaluation and treatment from a licensed provider. Use of this information is at your own risk.
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Hi There!I'm Sarah Thompson, the author of Functional Maternity, and the upcoming book Beyond Results - A practitioner's Handbook to Effective Functional Lab Analysis in Pregnancy. Lab Tests
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