Eosinophils

Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell, known for their in allergic reactions and parasite defense. ​However, there are significance extends far beyond these Realms, influencing various aspects of pregnancy physiology and immune regulation.

Eosinophil Testing

The absolute eosinophil count tells you the total count of eosinophils in the sample. The eosinophil percentage tells you what percentage of white blood cell count is made up of eosinophils. It is found in the complete blood count (CBC) with differential panel.

The percentage is arguably more accurate that absolute, as it takes into account the total production of white blood cells and compares the amount of eosinophils to this total.

Eosinophils compose 1% to 3% of all white blood cells in the human body. Eosinophils help control inflammation and allergic reactions. They attack and destroy certain parasites and play a role in detoxification and breakdown of proteins. These white blood cells are granulocytes and contain granules that secrete substances that destroy allergens and parasites. The highest amounts of eosinophils are often found in mucosal tissues, such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the respiratory system. 

Eosinophils in Pregnancy

​There is a mild suppression of eosinophil production in pregnancy, but it should not be suppressed below normal ranges. This suppression can make it difficult to identify parasite infections in pregnancy and may reduce the immune system response to parasites

High Eosinophils in Pregnancy

Women with preterm labor and intact membranes who have a large proportion of eosinophils in the amniotic fluid are at an increased risk for spontaneous preterm delivery.

Most Common Causes of High Eosinophils in Pregnancy

• Parasitic Infections
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
• Food Allergies
• Environmental Allergies
• Asthma 
• Autoimmune Disease
• Eosinophilic Disorders
• Stress
• Hyperthyroidism
• Environmental Toxin Exposure
• Heavy Metal Exposure

Low Eosinophils in Pregnancy

Eosinophils counts <55 cells/µL have been associated with preeclampsia. 

There is a decrease in both lymphocytes and eosinophils in patients with preeclampsia.​

Most Common Causes of Low Eosinophils in Pregnancy

• Chronic Infections
• Chronic Infections
• Hypothyroidism
• Adrenal Hyperfunction
• Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)
• Nutritional Deficiencies (Vitamin D)
• Certain Medications (Glucocorticoids)
• Physical Trauma

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Medical Disclaimer:
This content is for educational purposes only and is intended for licensed medical professionals. It is based on current research, subject to change, and not intended to diagnose, treat, or prevent any medical condition. This information does not replace consultation with a qualified healthcare provider. Seek professional medical evaluation and treatment from a licensed provider. Use of this information is at your own risk.​

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