Serum Copper TestingThe copper, total test measures the total amount of copper present in a blood sample from all sources, free and bound. It is a single indice. Free copper levels are calculated like this: Total Serum Copper (µg/dL) − [3.15 × Ceruloplasmin (mg/dL)] Copper is a dietary mineral and element on the periodic table that is essential as a cofactor for cuproenzymes that catalyze oxidation reactions. 95% of total serum copper is found as ceruloplasmin. Only small amounts of copper are stored in the body, with the average person having a storage of between 50 and 120 mg, mostly in the skeleton and muscles. Serum Copper in PregnancySerum copper levels double preconception levels by full term, with significant increases seen at approximately 22, 27, and 35 weeks of gestation. Levels decrease during the first stage of labor. Serum copper levels drop significantly in the first week postpartum, averaging 25% for peak pregnancy levels. The decrease in copper levels continues to reach prepregnancy levels by six weeks postpartum. High Serum Copper in PregnancyThere is limited data on the application of this indice in pregnancy. Most Common Causes of High Copper in Pregnancy
Low Serum Copper in PregnancyIn pregnancies that present with recurrent miscarriage, preterm labor, spontaneous pregnancy loss, and premature rupture of membranes, copper levels are measurably lower than those of normal pregnancies. Serum copper levels <108 in the first trimester, <130 in the second trimester, and <171 in the third trimester are associated with negative pregnancy outcomes. Most Common Causes of Low Copper in Pregnancy
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Hi There!I'm Sarah Thompson, the author of Functional Maternity, and the upcoming book Beyond Results - A practitioner's Handbook to Effective Functional Lab Analysis in Pregnancy. Lab Tests
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