Protein

​Changes in serum protein levels can reflect nutritional deficiencies, liver or kidney function issues, and shifts in blood volume that occur throughout pregnancy. In this article, we’ll discuss optimal serum protein ranges in pregnancy and potential causes of abnormalities.

Protein Testing

Total serum protein measures the total amount of protein in the blood, including albumin and globulin. It is an analyte found on the comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP).

Protein metabolism is tightly regulated to balance protein synthesis and degradation. The balance is influenced by various factors, including dietary protein intake, hormonal signals (insulin, growth hormone, thyroid hormones), nutrient cofactors, and the body’s overall protein needs. 

Serum protein is affected by total protein absorption, clearance, albumin levels, and globulin levels. 

Protein in Pregnacy

Due to hemodilution, total protein concentration decreases in the first trimester. Subsequently, total protein production increases by 15% and 25% in the second and third trimesters, respectively.  

An important factor in the etiology of protein changes is the effect of hormones, especially estrogen, on the synthesis and degradation of these proteins, as well as increase kidney filtration rates.

High Protein in Pregnancy

​There is limited data on the application of this indice in pregnancy.

Most Common Causes of High Protein in Pregnancy

• Dehydration
• Infections/Inflammation
• Renal Obstruction (Stones, UTI, Hydronephrosis) 
• Hyperthyroidism
• Liver Disease/Inflammation

Low Protein in Pregnancy

​There is limited data on the application of this indice in pregnancy.

Most Common Causes of Low Protein in Pregnancy

• Nutritional Deficiencies (chloride, vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B9 (folate), vitamin B12 (cobalamin), magnesium, selenium, zinc)
• Low Protein Diet
• Renal Damage
• IBD Conditions (Crohn's, Celiac Disease)
• Hypothyroidism
• Hyperthyroidism
• Low Albumin
• Low Globulin Production
• Hyponatremia

​Serum protein is rarely affected by dietary protein in the diet and does not reflect this accurately until severe malnutrition is present. 

​Did you know? 

I also offer an Advanced Functional Lab Analysis in Pregnancy course!
​MEAC Credit Available

See Course Details

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Medical Disclaimer:
This content is for educational purposes only and is intended for licensed medical professionals. It is based on current research, subject to change, and not intended to diagnose, treat, or prevent any medical condition. This information does not replace consultation with a qualified healthcare provider. Seek professional medical evaluation and treatment from a licensed provider. Use of this information is at your own risk.​

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