Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)

High LDH levels are often associated with conditions such as preeclampsia or HELLP syndrome, making this test an important tool for the early detection of potential complications. In this article, we’ll discuss LDH in pregnancy, optimal ranges, and how to interpret abnormal results to support maternal and fetal health.

LDH Testing

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), or lactic dehydrogenase, is a critical enzyme found in various cells throughout the human body. There are several LDH isoforms; the serum LDH measures the total.

There are five main LDH isoforms, designated as LDH-1, LDH-2, LDH-3, LDH-4, and LDH-5. These isoforms differ in their composition and tissue distribution.

• LDH-1 is predominantly found in the heart and red blood cells.
  
• LDH-2 is mainly found in the reticuloendothelial system (spleen and liver) and red blood cells.
  
• LDH-3 is present in the lungs.
  
• LDH-4 is found in the kidneys and the placenta.
  
• LDH-5 is mainly found in the skeletal muscles.

Damage to these tissues causes a release of LDH into the bloodstream. 

LDH in Pregnancy

LDH levels tend to increase slightly throughout pregnancy, with the most significant increases occurring in the third trimester. 

High LDH in Pregnancy

​Studies have found varying upper ranges of LDH that can be associated with preeclampsia. LDH levels >400 IU/L are associated with hypertension and preeclampsia. The higher the number the more severe the symptomology.

Most Common Causes of High LDH in Pregnancy

• Cardiovascular Damage/Inflammation
• Asthma/Acute Lung Infections
• Renal Damage/Inflammation
• Placental Damage/Inflammation
• Muscle Damage/Inflammation
• Hypoxia
• Hemolysis
• Excess Intense Physical Activity (Overexercising)
• Active Infection
• Environmental Chemical Exposure
• Oxidative Stress
• Vitamin B9 (Folate) and/or Vitamin b12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency

Low LDH in Pregnancy

There is limited data on the consequences of low LDH in pregnancy,

Most Common Causes of Low LDH in Pregnancy

• Malnutrition
• Low Protein Diet
• Hypothyroidism
• Nutritional Deficiencies (vitamin B1 (thiamine), iron)
• High Dose Vitamin C or Vitamin E supplementation
• Heavy Metal Exposure
• Organophosphate Exposure

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Medical Disclaimer:
This content is for educational purposes only and is intended for licensed medical professionals. It is based on current research, subject to change, and not intended to diagnose, treat, or prevent any medical condition. This information does not replace consultation with a qualified healthcare provider. Seek professional medical evaluation and treatment from a licensed provider. Use of this information is at your own risk.​

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