Albumin

Albumin maintains fluid balance, transports hormones and nutrients, and supports tissue repair. Albumin levels may naturally decrease during pregnancy due to increased blood volume and fluid shifts. Still, significant deviations can indicate issues such as liver or kidney dysfunction, nutritional deficiencies, or inflammation. In this article, we’ll discuss optimal albumin ranges in pregnancy and potential causes of abnormalities.

Albumin Testing

Serum albumin measures the amount of albumin in a blood sample. It is an analyte found on the comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP).

Albumin is the most abundant serum protein in the human body. Changes in serum protein levels often are related to changes in albumin levels.

The majority of albumin is produced in the liver. Albumin synthesis requires a steady supply of amino acids, particularly essential amino acids, which must be obtained through the diet and nutrient cofactors (vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) and zinc). 

Albumin maintains fluid balance, accounting for 80% of the osmotic balance between the tissues and blood vessels. It creates a concentration gradient that stabilizes blood and tissue hydration. Albumin acts as a carrier protein, binding and transporting hormones, fatty acids, bilirubin, and drugs through the bloodstream. With antioxidant properties, albumin also binds harmful molecules, helping defend the body against oxidative stress.

Albumin in Pregnancy

In the early stages of pregnancy, hemodilution leads to decreased serum albumin levels beginning in the first trimester, which becomes more accentuated with advanced gestation.

Serum albumin concentrations rapidly increase after delivery and stabilize after 15 weeks postpartum.

High Albumin in Pregnancy

​There is limited data on the application of this indice in pregnancy.

Most Common Causes of High Albumin in Pregnancy

• Dehydration
• Infections/Inflammation
• Low Estrogen
• Hyperthyroidism
• Acute Liver Dysfunction
• Genetics

Low Albumin in Pregnancy

Albuminemia <3.3 g/dl at 32 weeks is associated with a higher risk of preeclampsia/eclampsia, lower birth weight, and reduced gestational age. [5] 

​In hypoalbuminemia, it is important to determine whether the cause is due to a decrease in production, hemodilution, or increased loss via the urine. 

Most Common Causes of Low Albumin in Pregnancy

• Renal Damage (Proteinuria)
• Nutritional Deficiencies (calcium, vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), zinc)
• Inflammation/Oxidative Stress
• Hypothyroidism
• Low Progesterone

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Medical Disclaimer:
This content is for educational purposes only and is intended for licensed medical professionals. It is based on current research, subject to change, and not intended to diagnose, treat, or prevent any medical condition. This information does not replace consultation with a qualified healthcare provider. Seek professional medical evaluation and treatment from a licensed provider. Use of this information is at your own risk.​

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